Definition

Distribution factor is defined as the ratio of phasor sum of coil emfs to the arithmetic sum of coil emfs. It is also known as Belt or Breadth factor and denoted by k_d.

Slotted definition: → slot 1 (sense 5 ), slot 1 (sense 6 ), slot 1 (sense 7 ) Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples.

• Slot synonyms, slot pronunciation, slot translation, English dictionary definition of slot. A narrow opening; a groove or slit: a slot for coins in a vending machine; a mail slot.
• Geometrically, you can't measure an angle between a point in space and a line. Do what you did in the photo: create a vertical construction line that's coincident with the midpoint of the slot, then dimension the angle between that line and the centerline (because the centerline intersects the midpoint of the arc).
• One with a solid another with a slotted headstock and the factory workers preferred the audibly different sounding slotted version. However, most modern luthiers like Al Carruth feel the tonal differences between a slot and solid head guitar are not necessarily solely due to the string break angle.

In electrical machine, armature winding is distributed in the slots. It is not concentrated in a single slot. Therefore the total emf generated across the armature terminal is the phasor sum of emfs induced in individual coils. If these coils were concentrated, then the total induced emf would have been arithmetic sum of induced emf in a single turn of coil. Thus to find the factor of distribution or the degree of distribution of coils, distribution factor has been defined as the ratio of emf induced in distributed winding to the emf induced in concentrated winding. This definition of distribution factor is same stated earlier in the post.

Calculation of Distribution Factor

To get a general expression or formula of distribution factor, let us assume a 2 pole, 3 phase electrical machine having a total of 18 slots in its stator. These slots are distributed along the periphery of stator in 2 pole pitches. Therefore the angle between any two consecutive slots will be equal to 20 degree (2×180 / 18 = 20). This angle between two consecutive slots is called Angular Slot Pitch. It is in electrical degree not in mechanical degree.

Thus angular slot pitch for our example is 20 degree. The number of slots per pole per phase will be 3 [(18/2)/3 = 3]. This means that a particular phase will consists of three coils distributed in three slots under a single pole. This is shown in figure below.

In the above figure it can be seen that, coils are distributed in slot number 1,2,3 and 10,11,12. It can also be observed that, coil sides are connected in series in such a way that emf induced in coil side at 1 and 10 are additive. This means, if E₁ and E₁₀ are the emf induced in respective coil sides then the total emf induced will be E₁+E₁₀. Similarly, if the emf induced in coil sides 2 and 11 are E₂ & E₁₁, then the total emf in coil 2-11 is given as arithmetic sum of E₂ and E₁₁.

Thus the total emf at the coil terminal A & B is the phasor sum of (E₁+E₁₀), (E₂+E₁₁) and (E₃+E₁₂). Let us assume (E₁+E₁₀) as reference phasor and draw the phasor diagram of the above three emf to get the total emf available at terminal AB.

In the above phasor, ab represents (E₁+E₁₀). Since the slots are displaced from each other by angular slot pitch of γ (in our example, it is 20 degree), this means the emf induced in coil 2-11 will be displace by an angle of γ from reference phasor ab. This is shown by ‘bc’ in above phasor. Similarly, ‘cd’ represents the emf induced in coil 3-12 and is displaced by reference phasor by and angle of 2γ.

Thus the total emf across terminals AB of coil will be the phasor sum of ab, bd and cd which is equal to ‘ad’. Let us now calculate this phasor sum.

Since ab, bc and cd are lying in stator slot, therefore their perpendicular bisector must meet at the centre of the circle. Let us now draw perpendicular bisector oe and of on ab and ad respectively as shown in above figure. In general, the angle aob should be equal to angular slot pitch γ, angle aod equal to qγ and angle aof equal to (qγ/2) where q is number of slots per pole per phase.

In right angled triangle aoe,

Sin (γ/2) = ae / oa

ae = oaSin(γ/2)

Thus, ab = 2oaSin(γ/2) as oe is perpendicular bisector of ab.

Therefore, if the coil were concentrated then the emf across coil terminal AB would have been arithmetic sum of emf. This is given as

Emf per coil = Number of slots per pole per phase x 2oeSin(γ/2)

= 2q(oa)Sin(γ/2)

Now, in right angled triangle aof,

Sin(qγ/2) = af / oa

af = (oa)Sin(qγ/2)

Hence the resultant emf ad equal to the phasor sum of ab, bc and cd is given as

ad = 2(oa)Sin(qγ/2)

Therefore as per the definition of distribution factor,

Kd = Phasor Sum of Coil emf / Arithmetic sum of coil emf

= ad / q ab

= [2(oa)Sin(qγ/2)] / [2q(oa)Sin(γ/2)]

Slot Angle Definition Meaning

= Sin(qγ/2) / qSin(γ/2)

Thus the formula for distribution factor is given as below.

Slot Angle Definition Geometry

where q is number of slots per pole per phase and γ is angular slot pitch.

Effect of Harmonics on Distribution Factor

In electrical machine, every effort is made to make the magnetic flux density wave sinusoidal in space. But practically, it is never distributed sinusoidally in space. Rather it contains various harmonics. Out of various harmonics, third harmonic is the most dominant. A third harmonic component of flux density wave may be assumed to be produced by 3 poles as compared to the one pole for fundamental component. In view of this, the angular slot pitch for third harmonic will be 3γ and hence nγ for n^th harmonics.

Thus the distribution factor for nth harmonics is given as below.

Normally distribution factor for n^th harmonics K_dn is less than K_d. This directly means that the emf generated due to nth harmonic component of flux density wave is less than that generated by fundamental component. Thus distribution of armature winding over the slots reduces the harmonics in generated emf and thus making it to approach the sine wave. This is one of the advantages of distributed winding.